Life Insurance

Types of Life Insurance

There is a large range of life insurance products on the market, both domestically and internationally. They range from the relatively simple term life products to complex, quasi-investment products. Unless your needs are very specific, you are advised to seek professional advice in selecting the appropriate product or service.

To provide an introduction to the area, we summarise some of the attributes of two common forms of insurance below - term insurance and "whole of life" - plus some of the more common options.

Term Insurance/Assurance

Term insurance pays a lump sum in the event of death within a specified period of your choice (known as the 'term' of the policy). You generally pay for the policy through monthly or annual premiums paid throughout the duration of the term, and more unusually through a single, lump sum premium.

There is no investment aspect with this form of life insurance, hence if no claim is made then no maturity or cash value is payable at the end of the term.

Term insurance is the simplest and cheapest form of life insurance and the period of cover may extend up to ten years – with the premium depending on a number of factors including the sum insured, the period covered, age, gender, health and occupation of the insured.  Medicals will not always be required but you can expect to fill in a health questionnaire.  Whether you smoke or not will usually affect the premium payable, with smokers paying more.  A non smoker is usually defined as someone who has not smoked for at least 12 months.

There are a number of types of term insurance available, including:

Level - a lump sum is payable on the event of death. This lump sum remains constant throughout the period of the life insurance term. This is the most common form of life insurance.

Decreasing - a lump sum is payable on the event of death. This lump sum decreases by a fixed amount during the period of the term, decreasing to nil by the end of the insured period. This type of cover is usually used to cover mortgages or other loans where the amount owed decreases year on year.

Single and Joint Life plans -  a single life plan insures one life whilst a joint life first death plan insures two lives but only pays on the first death.

Your premiums will depend on the sum to be insured, the period of insurance cover, your age, your gender and whether you smoke or not. A "non smoker" is usually defined as someone who has not smoked for at least twelve months. Premiums for women are generally lower as they tend to live longer than men.

Additional options can be added to increase the level of cover, although this in turn increases the premiums.

Whole of Life Insurance

As the name suggests, 'whole of life' cover provides life insurance cover for the whole of your life. The sum insured is paid to your dependents following your death.

Whole of life insurance is "more expensive" because it is certain that the life company will eventually have to pay the sum insured. Monthly premiums are invested by the insurer into a life fund.

There are a large number of types of whole of life insurance, and they tend to be very popular in environments where inheritance taxes exist.

Other Options - Additional Cover

• Critical Illness: a lump sum is paid in the event of diagnosis of certain critical illnesses. You can save money by combining term insurance with critical illness cover. However, depending on the policy type, this may provide a single payout should death follow a critical illness diagnosis, rather than two payouts if cover is obtained separately.
• Terminal Illness: the lump sum is paid early on diagnosis of a terminal illness. This allows you to make arrangements for your dependents whilst you are still alive.
• Waiver of Premium: if illness prevents you from working your monthly premiums are paid on your behalf for a predetermined period. Check your policy for the permissible period of premium non payments.
• Counselling: counselling may be included to help your family cope with your death.
• Guaranteed Premiums: guaranteed premiums ensure that the premiums remain the same throughout the duration of the policy term. Alternatively 'reviewable premiums' require the premiums to be reviewed periodically, typically every five years, meaning that premiums can increase dramatically following review.
• Trusts: can the policy be set up in a trust? This can avoid delays in money going to dependents and can avoid the risk of paying inheritance tax in certain countries.

The terms and conditions of policies vary considerably, so make sure you understand the scope of the cover being offered before committing yourself.

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